Paul Bogard

     Paul Bogard's "Let there be Dark," addresses the issues of light pollution and presents many arguments to fight against it. He believes that mankind shouldn't be trying to avoid darkness, instead we should be embracing it. Bogard persuades his audience by presenting side-affects of lack of darkness, instilling past nostalgia, and suggesting easy to adopt solutions.

     Firstly, Bogard argues about the harmful side-affects from the lack of darkness. His description of melatonin affecting sleep cycle that ultimately leads to diabetes, obesity, depression, etc was very effective. With this, Bogard hopes to engrave fear into the readers mind. He wants them to see that too much light is going to result in deadly diseases, emotional distress, physical deformity etc. These all cover person's well being people will be completely unhappy.

     Secondly, Bogard instills nostalgia into the audience's mind. He mentions how every night the amount of light in the sky increases by six percent. And that only people who are thirty-five years old lived long enough to see a pure dark sky, before artificial light polluted it. Bogard uses these facts to appeal to pathos. With this, he creates an impression that the past life was much better. Our parents were able to enjoy the pure night skies. However, we no longer enjoy something that our parents enjoyed. He uses this to create a sense of loss in this nostalgia. Thus, he urges the readers to preserve natural darkness so that they regain the pristine night sky that their parents enjoyed.

     Lastly, Bogard shows many easy and effective solutions to help prevent light pollution. These solutions include simple things which the everyday person can do: turning off lights after midnight, and using LED lights instead of forensic lights. These simple solutions drive adoption and help provide an easy way for people to fight against light pollution. Bogard also mentions how easily and effectively, entire "Paris, the 'famed city of light,'" was able to do it. They turn off their lights off after 2 a.m. With this, Bogard lowers the bar for adoption.

    In conclusion, Bogard is able to convince his audience to preserve darkness: it is healthy, brings cheer, restores past glory, is very easily done. With this, Bogard hopes that his readers join the cause for the preservation of natural darkness.

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